公立医院改制过程中所涉及到的有关问题
北京市华卫律师事务所 郑雪倩
北京市华卫律师事务所 刘 凯
建国初期,人民政府接管了帝国主义和官僚买办资产阶级所开设的医院,变国民党政府办的医院为人民政府的医院,同时,为了尽快改变新中国缺医少药,疾病丛生,人民健康水平十分低下的局面,又在各地、各种企事业部门和军队兴建了一批医院,从而形成了我国医院所有制结构的基本框架——以公有制为主体的多种所有制医院。随着国家经济的恢复和生产资料社会主义改造的完成,逐步将原有的私立医院过渡为全民所有制医院,将个体医院改造为集体性质的联合医院,而在广大农村,则依靠农业生产合作社的力量,办起了一批集体性质的医疗保健机构。至此,我国基本形成了以全民所有制为主、集体所有制为辅的防治结合的城乡医疗卫生网络,非公有制的医疗机构则不复存在。
这种以单纯福利性事业和计划经济管理全民和集体所有制医院,使我国医院所有制日趋单一化,虽在一定时期内起到了很好的效果,但是由国家独办医院方式,超越了我国的经济发展水平,增加了国家的财政经济负担。在党的十一届三中全会以后,医院的所有制结构发生了很大的变化,但从宏观上来看,此种局部性的、试探性的改变,并不足以使我国的医疗卫生体制所存在的问题得到根本性的改变,因此,在2003年7月国务院召开的全国卫生工作会议上明确提出要深化医疗卫生体制改革,打破条块分割,合理配置卫生资源,要通过制定有关法律、法规和政策,利用市场机制培育健康产业发展。这就为如何建立健全适应市场要求的经营运作机制提供了政策依据和发展目标,但由于我国目前所颁布与实施的法律、法规和政策,对公立医院改制过程中可能遇到的相关问题没有规定或规定不够清晰,加之医院管理层对改制相关问题的陌生,因此,笔者欲站在公立医院的角度上,对改制过程中可能涉及到的相关问题在此作一个粗陋的梳理,以期达到抛砖引玉的效果,为我国现今所开展的公立医院改制做一些有益的尝试。
一、 公立医院在改制过程中涉及到的关于产权的相关问题
产权,是在我国公立医院改制过程中不可逾越的一个先决性问题,明晰了公立医院的产权——可以毫不夸张的说,医院改制就能达到事半功倍的效果。
1、产权的概念、主体、客体及其交易的内容和方式
所谓产权是指:财产所有权以及与财产所有权有关的经营权、使用权等财产权。按照产权资产的形态,可以分为有形资产和无形资产产权两种。根据产权的概念,我们可以看出产权的主体是指享有或拥有财产所有权或具体享有所有权某一项权能以及享有与所有权有关的财产权利的人(自然人、法人)、单位、组织和国家。产权的客体是指产权权能所指向的标的,是产权主体可以控制和支配或享有的具有文化、科学和经济价值的物质资料以及各类无形资产。
如前所述,产权是一项具有财产性的权利,因此,根据其自身的性质,其价值上的体现必须通过交易来完成,所以,这就涉及到了产权的交易内容及交易方式的问题。
产权的交易是指财产所有权及相关经营权、财产使用权通过市场进行有偿转让的经营行为。包括三方面的内容:
①产权交易是一种遵循等价交换原则的商品经营活动;
②产权交易属于产权经营活动,其经营主体是企业财产所有者或拥有者的代理者;
③产权交易在内容上可以分为两个不同层次:第一个层次是财产所有权的转让;第二层次是保持财产所有权不变的前提下,实行财产经营权转让。
产权交易的方式包括:收购、兼并、租赁经营、承包经营、委托经营、出售、股份转让和嫁接外资等。
2、产权交易的方式在公立医院改制过程中的体现
结合目前我国公立医院改制过程中的具体实践,产权交易的方式在公立医院改制过程中有如下体现:
1. 合作经营制:以政府集体和内部职工共同出资为前提条件,同时吸纳社会和个人股金共同办院,可以新建医院,也可以在原国有医院基础上改造,吸取股份制管理办法,实行劳动联合为主,资本为辅的经营管理形式。
2. 外商、港商、台商及国内大公司投资,兴建医院或收购国有医院,引入全新的管理机制。
3. 资产转让
(1) 将医院整体或部分资产,通过招投标的形式,转让给职工个人所有或个人经营。
(2) 部分转制:资产评估确认后,通过招投标,整体转让给职工个人,建立新型劳动聘用关系,转让所得资金主要用于退休人员剥离支出,支付职工补偿金及偿还债务。
(3) 对所有资产进行公开转让,医院成为独立法人实体,在编职工一律与原单位解除劳动关系,转让价款除去改制成本后,专项用于卫生事业发展和改革遗留问题处理;
(4) “动产买断,不动产租赁”,将医院固定资产租赁给经营者使用,经营者享有节余的经营收益,承担经营风险。
3、公立医院在改制过程中涉及到产权问题时所应注意的事项
公立医院在改制前、改制过程中以及改制完成后均会涉及到产权问题。改制前,所涉及到的产权问题是改制能否顺利进行的前提条件,改制过程中所涉及的产权问题以及对产权问题的相关处理,又决定了改制过程结束后,经过改制的公立医院在法律上的地位和性质以及其在改制后如何运作的问题,而在改制后对于产权问题的相关处理则决定了经过改制后的公立医院的命运问题(注:对于改制后所涉及到的产权问题,笔者将放在其他问题中阐述)。因此,产权以及围绕着产权所出现的各种问题,是公立医院改制过程中必须予以重视的问题。具体而言,公立医院在改制前及改制过程中可能涉及到产权这一问题表现在以下几个方面:
(1) 在改制前,公立医院应将其自身自有的产权进行初步的项
目及数量上的统计;
在改制前,公立医院如此作为是为在改制过程中对其自有的有形
或无形资产做好进行评估、验资、界定产权的准备。
(2) 在改制过程中,将自有的资产(有形或无形)委托有执业
资格的评估机构进行评估;
根据现行的《国有资产评估管理办法》的相关规定,在对资产进
行评估时,除非国有资产外,资产评估的一般程序为:a、申请并办理资产评估立项手续(受理申请的部门为国有资产管理部门);b、委托有执业资格的评估机构进行评估;c、申请并办理资产评估报告的确认手续;
(3) 在资产评估完毕后,公立医院可以根据自身改制的方案,
划分合理的股份并招募股金;
公立医院的改制,其终极目的是摆脱现有不合理的医疗体制对自身发展的束缚,以便更好的适应市场经济的发展。而在市场经济环境中,已被理论及实践所证实的能够较好的适应市场环境的主体则是具有资合性质的股份有限责任公司制或即具有资合性质又具有人合性质的有限责任公司制的法人,根据公司法的相关理论可以看出,以上两种不同性质的法人之所以能够很好的适应市场经济,其明确的股权划分以及由股权所决定的相关派生权利的符合科学的行使,起到了重要的作用。因此,在资产评估完毕后,股权的划分及由股权划分完毕后所进行的招募资金等活动,对公立医院改制后所成立的法人的正常运作是有着密切的联系的。
二、 公立医院改制过程中所涉及到的投资与融资的问题
1、 投资与融资的概念
所谓投资,是指以收回现金并取得收益为目的而发生的现金流出。
例如,购买政府公债,购买企业股票和债权,购置设备,兴建工厂,开办商店,增加一种新产品等,都会涉及到货币性流出,并希望取得更多的流入。
根据当前的实践及理论,对于投资这个概念,站在不同的角度可以得出不同的概念,当然其外延也就有所不同,结合公立医院改制的客观情况来看,笔者以为,在公立医院改制过程中所发生的投资,可以将其放在风险投资的范畴内考虑。风险投资(venture capital)在我国是一个约定俗成的具有特定内涵的概念,其实把它翻译成创业投资更为妥当。广义的风险投资泛指一切具有高风险、高潜在收益的投资;狭义的风险投资是指以高新技术为基础,生产与经营技术密集型产品的投资。根据美国全美风险投资协会的定义,风险投资是由职业金融家投入到新兴的、迅速发展的、具有巨大竞争潜力的企业中一种权益资本。从投资行为的角度来讲,风险投资是把资本投向蕴藏着失败风险的高新技术及其产品的研究开发领域,旨在促使高新技术成果尽快商品化、产业化,以取得高资本收益的一种投资过程。从运作方式来看,是指由专业化人才管理下的投资中介向特别具有潜能的高新技术企业投入风险资本的过程,也是协调风险投资家、技术专家、投资者的关系,利益共享,风险共担的一种投资方式。 结合我国目前医疗卫生体制的情况来看,在公立医院改制过程中所涉及到的关于投资的问题,将其放入广义概念上的风险投资中去考虑,是具有可行性的,并且,扩大投资概念的外延,可以直接导致公立医院改制过程中融资渠道的多样化,有利于我国公立医院改制的进行。
所谓融资,是指具有经营权利能力的法人或其他组织向社会有偿筹集资金的活动,包括各种股票、债权等有价证券的发行、转让及其他各种形式的集资活动。
2、投资与融资的方式
由投资的概念及当前的实践来看,在公立医院改制过程中,外界对公立医院进行投资的方式包括以下几种:
(1) 托管;
中华人民共和国进口计量器具监督管理办法(附英文)
国家技术监督局
中华人民共和国进口计量器具监督管理办法(附英文)
(一九八九年十月十一日国务院批准)
第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强进口计量器具的监督管理,根据《中华人民共和国计量法》和《中华人民共和国计量法实施细则》的有关规定,制定本办法。
第二条 任何单位和个人进口计量器具,以及外商(含外国制造商、经销商,下同)或其代理人在中国销售计量器具,都必须遵守本办法。
第三条 进口计量器具的监督管理,由国务院计量行政部门主管,具体实施由国务院和地方有关部门分工负责。
第二章 进口计量器具的型式批准
第四条 凡进口或外商在中国境内销售列入本办法所附《中华人民共和国进口计量器具型式审查目录》内的计量器具的,应向国务院计量行政部门申请办理型式批准。
属进口的,由外商申请型式批准。
属外商在中国境内销售的,由外商或其代理人申请型式批准。
国务院计量行政部门可根据情况变化对《中华人民共和国进口计量器具型式审查目录》作个别调整。
第五条 外商或其代理人申请型式批准,须向国务院计量行政部门递交型式批准申请书、计量器具样机照片和必要的技术资料。
国务院计量行政部门应根据外商或其代理人递交的资料进行计量法制审查。
第六条 国务院计量行政部门接受申请后,负责安排授权的技术机构进行定型鉴定,并通知外商或其代理人向承担定型鉴定的技术机构提供样机和以下技术资料:
(一)计量器具的技术说明书;
(二)计量器具的总装图、结构图和电路图;
(三)技术标准文件和检验方法;
(四)样机测试报告;
(五)使用说明书。
定型鉴定所需的样机由外商或其代理人无偿提供。海关凭国务院计量行政部门的保函验放并免收关税。样机经鉴定后退还申请人。
第七条 定型鉴定按鉴定大纲进行。鉴定大纲由承担鉴定的技术机构,根据国务院计量行政部门发布的《计量器具定型鉴定技术规范》的要求制定。主要内容包括:外观检查、计量性能考核以及安全性、环境适应性、可靠性和寿命试验等。
第八条 定型鉴定的结果由承担鉴定的技术机构报国务院计量行政部门审核。经审核合格的,由国务院计量行政部门向申请人颁发《中华人民共和国进口计量器具型式批准证书》,并准予在相应的计量器具和包装上使用中华人民共和国进口计量器具型式批准的标志和编号。
第九条 承担定型鉴定的技术机构及其工作人员,对申请人提供的技术资料必须保密。
第十条 有下列情况之一的,经国务院计量行政部门同意,可申请办理临时型式批准,具体办法由国务院计量行政部门规定:
(一)展览会留购的;
(二)确属急需的;
(三)销售量极少的;
(四)国内暂无定型鉴定能力的。
第十一条 外国制造的计量器具经我国型式批准后,由国务院计量行政部门予以公布。
第三章 进口计量器具的审批
第十二条 申请进口计量器具,按国家关于进口商品的规定程序进行审批。
负责审批的有关主管部门和归口审查部门,应对申请进口《中华人民共和国依法管理的计量器具目录》内的计量器具进行法定计量单位的审查,对申请进口本办法第四条规定的计量器具审查是否经过型式批准。经审查不合规定的,审批部门不得批准进口,外贸经营单位不得办理订货手续。
海关对进口计量器具凭审批部门的批件验放。
第十三条 因特殊需要,申请进口非法定计量单位的计量器具和国务院禁止使用的其他计量器具,须经国务院计量行政部门批准。
第十四条 申请进口非法定计量单位的计量器具和国务院禁止使用的其他计量器具的单位,应向国务院计量行政部门提供以下材料和文件:
(一)申请报告;
(二)计量器具的性能及技术指标;
(三)计量器具的照片和使用说明;
(四)本单位上级主管部门的批件。
第四章 进口计量器具的检定
第十五条 进口以销售为目的的列入《中华人民共和国依法管理的计量器具目录》内的计量器具,在海关验放后,订货单位必须向所在的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府计量行政部门申请检定。当地不能检定的,向国务院计量行政部门申请检定。
第十六条 接受进口计量器具检定申请的政府计量行政部门,应指定计量检定机构及时进行检定。对检定合格的,应由政府计量行政部门出具检定证书、检定合格证或加盖检定合格印,并准予销售。
第十七条 订货单位应将计量行政部门对进口计量器具的检定结果报告所在地区的商检机构。检定不合格,需要向外索赔的,订货单位应及时向所在地区商检机构申请复验出证。
第十八条 进口不以销售为目的的计量器具,按照国家关于一般进口商品检验工作的管理办法办理。
第五章 法律责任
第十九条 违反本办法规定,进口非法定计量单位的计量器具或国务院禁止使用的其他计量器具的,按照《中华人民共和国计量法实施细则》第四十四条规定追究法律责任。
第二十条 进口计量器具未经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门指定的计量检定机构检定合格而销售的,按照《中华人民共和国计量法实施细则》第五十条规定追究法律责任。
第二十一条 违反本办法第四条规定,进口或销售未经国务院计量行政部门型式批准的计量器具的,计量行政部门有权封存其计量器具,责令其补办型式批准手续,并可处以相当于进口或销售额百分之三十以下的罚款。
第二十二条 承担进口计量器具定型鉴定的技术机构违反本办法第九条规定的,按照《中华人民共和国计量法实施细则》第五十八条规定追究法律责任。
第六章 附 则
第二十三条 引进成套设备中配套的计量器具以及不以销售为目的的计量器具的监督管理,按国家有关规定办理。
第二十四条 与本办法有关的申请书、证书和标志式样,由国务院计量行政部门统一制定。
第二十五条 申请进口计量器具的型式批准、定型鉴定和计量检定,应按国家有关规定缴纳费用。
第二十六条 进口用于统一量值的标准物质的监督管理,可参照本办法执行。
第二十七条 本办法由国务院行政部门负责解释。
第二十八条 本办法自发布之日起施行。
中华人民共和国进口计量器具型式审查目录
1.衡器(含天平)
2.传感器
3.声级计
4.三座标测量机
5.表面粗糙度测量仪
6.大地测量仪器
7.热量计
8.流量计(含水表、煤气表)
9.压力计(含血压计)
10.温度计
11.数字电压表
12.场强计
13.心、脑电图仪(机)
14.有害气体、粉尘、水质污染监测仪
15.电离辐射防护仪
16.分光光度计(含紫外、红外、可见光光度计)
17.气相、液相色谱仪
18.温度、水份测量仪
(附英文)
MEASURES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE SUPERVISION ANDADMINISTRATION OF IMPORTED INSTRUMENTS OF MEASUREMENT
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE SUPERVISION AND
ADMINISTRATION OF IMPORTED INSTRUMENTS OF MEASUREMENT
(Approved by the State Council on October 11, 1989 and promulgated
by the Decree No. 3 of the State Bureau of Technology Supervision on
November 4, 1989)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Measures are formulated, in accordance with the pertinent
stipulations of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China and
the Rules for the Implementation of the Metrology Law of the People's
Republic of China, for the purpose of strengthening the supervision over
the administration of imported instruments of measurement.
Article 2
Any units and individuals that are engaged in the importation of
instruments of measurement and any foreign businessmen (including foreign
manufacturers, salesmen, the same hereinafter) or their agents who are
engaged in the sales of instruments of measurement in China must abide by
these Measures.
Article 3
The competent administrative department under the State Council shall be
responsible for the supervision over and administration of imported
instruments of measurement. The departments concerned under the State
Council and in the local governments shall be responsible for the actual
implementation in keeping with the division of responsibility.
Chapter II Model Approval of Imported Instruments of Measurement
Article 4
Anyone who wants to import the instruments of measurement listed in the
Catalogue of Model Examination of the People's Republic of China for
Imported Instruments of Measurement attached to these Measures or any
foreign businessman who wants to sell these instruments in China must
apply to the competent department in charge of measurement under the State
Council for model approval.
Applications for model approval for imported instruments should be
submitted by foreign businessmen.
Applications for model approval for instruments sold by foreign
businessmen in China should be submitted by the foreign businessmen or
their agents.
The competent department in charge of measurement under the State Council
may, according to changes of circumstances, make minor adjustments of the
Catalogue of Model Examination of the People's Republic of China for
Imported Instruments of Measurement.
Article 5
In applying for model approval, foreign businessmen or their agents must
submit model approval application, photographs or the sample instruments
and necessary technical data to the competent department in charge of
measurement under the State Council. The competent department under the
State Council shall conduct examination of the materials submitted by
foreign businessmen or their agents according to the relevant provisions
of the measurement law and regulations.
Article 6
After receiving applications, the competent department under the State
Council shall arrange for an authorized technical agency to conduct design
appraisement and inform the foreign businessmen or their agents that they
should provide the technical agency with sample instruments and the
following technical data:
(1) the technical manuals of the instruments;
(2) the assembly diagrams, structural drawings and circuit diagrams of the
instruments;
(3) the documents of technical standards and the methods for examination;
(4) the testing reports on the sample instruments;
(5) the operation instructions.
The sample instruments needed in the design appraisement should be
provided free of charge by the foreign businessmen or their agents.
Customs authorities shall inspect and release the instruments on the
strength of the letters of guarantee issued by the competent department in
charge of measurement under the State Council and shall impose no customs
duties. The sample instruments shall be returned to the applicants after
the appraisements.
Article 7
Design appraisement shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements
laid down in the appraisement outline which is drawn up by the technical
agency responsible for the appraisement according to the Technical
Specifications of Design Appraisement for Instruments of Measurement
issued by the competent administrative department under the State Council.
Its main content includes inspection of the exterior assessment of
measurement functions, safety, adaptability to environment, reliability
and service life.
Article 8
The results of the design appraisement shall be reported by the technical
agency responsible for the appraisement to the competent administrative
department under the State Council for verification. Those applicants
whose instruments have passed such examination and verification shall be
issued with the Certificate of Approval of the People's Republic of China
for Designs of Imported Instruments of Measurement by the competent
administrative department under the State Council and shall be allowed to
use the marks and serial numbers of the People's Republic of China for
design approval on the corresponding instruments and their packages.
Article 9
The technical agencies responsible for design appraisement and their
personnel must keep secret the technical data provided by applicants.
Article 10
Applications for temporary model approvals for instruments, which fall
into any of the following categories, can be made with prior consent of
the competent administrative department under the State Council, which
shall stipulate the relevant procedures:
(1) those instruments reserved for sale after exhibitions;
(2) those instruments which are indeed urgently needed;
(3) those instruments whose sales volume is extremely small;
(4) those instruments for which China is incapable of carrying out design
appraisement for the time being.
Article 11
Those instruments of measurement produced in foreign countries which have
obtained design approvals in our country shall be made public by the
competent department under the State Council.
Chapter III Examination and Approval of Imported Instruments of Measurement
Article 12
Applications to import instruments of measurement must be examined and
approved according to the procedures stipulated by the state concerning
imported commodities. The relevant competent administrative departments
for examination and approval and the special departments in charge of
examination shall conduct examination of official measures for instruments
of measurement to be imported, which are listed in the Catalogue of the
People's Republic of China Concerning Instruments of Measurement
Controlled by Law and must ensure that the instruments of measurement to
be imported according to the provisions of Article 4 of these Measures
pass model approval. If the relevant instruments fail to pass the
examination, the departments responsible for examination and approval may
not approve of import of them and foreign trade departments may not order
the goods.
The Customs shall inspect and release imported instruments of measurement
on the strength of the documents of approval issued by the department
responsible for examination and approval.
Article 13
Applications, as required by special needs, to import instruments of non-
official measures or those instruments which have been prohibited by the
State Council must be subject to approval of the administrative department
for measurement under the State Council.
Article 14
The units which apply to import instruments of non-official measures or
those instruments which have been prohibited by the State Council should
provide the following materials and documents to the administrative
department for measurement under the State Council:
(1) applications;
(2) the functions and technical standards of the instruments;
(3) the photographs and operation instructions of the instruments;
(4) the documents of approval issued by the competent authorities above
the applying units.
Chapter IV Examination and Determination of Imported Instruments of Measurement
Article 15
Those units which import, for sale on the domestic market, instruments as
listed in the Catalogue of the People's Republic of China Concerning the
Instruments of Measurement Controlled by Law must, after the inspection
and release by the Customs, apply for examination and determination to the
administrative departments for measurement in the people's governments of
their respective provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly
under the Central Government. If it cannot be done locally, they may apply
to the administrative department for measurement under the State Council
for examination and determination.
Article 16
The government administrative departments for measurement which deal with
applications for examination and determination of imported instruments of
measurement shall appoint agencies for prompt measurement examination and
determination. If the instruments pass the examination and determination,
the government administrative departments shall issue certificates of
examination and determination and certificates of quality or affix stamps
and allow their sales.
Article 17
The units ordering such instruments shall report the result of examination
and determination to the local commodity inspection agencies. In case the
instruments fail to pass the examination and determination and therefore
give rise to the necessity to claim compensation from foreign suppliers,
the units should apply in time to the local commodity inspection agencies
for re-inspection certificates.
Article 18
Those instruments of measurement which are imported for purposes other
than sales shall be dealt with according to the measures stipulated by the
State concerning inspection of ordinary imported commodities.
Chapter V Legal Liability
Article 19
Those who violate the provisions of these Measures by importing
instruments of measurement of non-official measures or other instruments
prohibited by the State Council shall be investigated for legal
liabilities in accordance with the provisions of Article 44 of the Rules
for the Implementation of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of
China.
Article 20
Those who import and sell the instruments of measurements which have not
been examined and determined by the agencies for measurement examination
and determination designated by the administrative departments in charge
of measurement in the people's governments above provincial level shall be
investigated for legal liabilities in accordance with the provisions of
Article 50 of the Rules for the Implementation of the Metrology Law of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 21
If anyone or any units violate the provisions of Article 4 of these
Measures by importing or selling those instruments of measurement which
have not obtained the model approval by the administrative department for
measurement under the State Council, the administrative departments in
charge of measurement have the right to seal up their instruments, order
them to go through the formalities for model approval and may also impose
a fine of less than 30% of the import volume or the sales volume.
Article 22
Technical agencies responsible for design appraisement for imported
instruments of measurement that have violated the provisions of Article 9
of these Measures shall be investigated for legal liabilities in
accordance with the provisions of Article 58 of the Rules for the
Implementation of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 23
The supervision over and administration of the instruments of measurement
which form a part of complete sets of equipment introduced from abroad and
the instruments imported for purposes other than sale on the domestic
market shall be conducted according to the relevant stipulations of the
state.
Article 24
The applications, certificates and types of marks related to these
Measures shall all be formulated by the competent department under the
State Council.
Article 25
Fees for model approval, design appraisement and measurement examination
and determination for imported instruments of measurement should be paid
in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state.
Article 26
The supervision over and administration of imported standard substances
used in unifying measure values may be conducted with reference to these
Measures.
Article 27
These Measures shall be interpreted by the administrative department for
measurement under the State Council.
Article 28
These Measures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Appendix: The Catalogue of Model Examination of the People's Republic of
China for Imported Instruments of Measurement:
1. Weighing apparatus (including scales);
2. Sensors;
3. Sound meters;
4. Surveying machines with three coordinates;
5. Surveying instruments for roughness of surface;
6. Geodesic instruments;
7. Calorimeters;
8. Flowmeters (including water meters and gas meters);
9. Pressure gauges (including sphygmomanometers);
10. Thermometers;
11. Digital voltmeters;
12. Field intensity meters;
13. Electrocardiographs and electroencephalographs;
14. Monitors for toxic gases, dust and water pollution;
15. Ionospheric radiation protectors;
16. Spectrometers (including meters for ultraviolet rays, infrared rays
and visible lights);
17. Gaseous phase and liquid phase chromatographs;
18. Instruments for measuring temperature and moisture content.